Código Penal 422.7 PC – “Delito de Odio” Penas por Delitos Menores en California

Código Penal 422.7 PC es uno de los estatutos de crímenes de odio de California que impone una pena adicional siempre que:

1. usted sea declarado culpable de un delito menor de California, y
2. ese delito menor también se demuestre que es un crimen de odio.

Un “crimen de odio” según lo definido en el Código Penal 422.55 significa un acto criminal cometido debido a una de las siguientes características de la víctima:

• discapacidad,
• género,
• nacionalidad,
• raza o etnia,
• religión,
• orientación sexual,
• asociación con una persona o grupo con una o más de estas características reales o percibidas.

Ejemplos

• Max comete asalto menor (bajo PC 240) en un cliente del bar debido a su afiliación religiosa.
• Kelly, una activista antiinmigrante, comete una agresión menor (bajo PC 242) al empujar a un partidario proinmigrante en una manifestación pacífica.
• Monique comete allanamiento menor (bajo PC 602) mientras arroja piedras a la ventana de su vecino debido a su orientación sexual.

Penalidades

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el delito menor causó una lesión física real o ocurrió cuando el acusado tenía la capacidad presente de cometer una lesión violenta contra la víctima,

el delito menor causó daños materiales que costaron más de novecientos $950, o

el acusado había sido condenado previamente por un delito de odio bajo el Código Penal 422.6 PC (delito de odio independiente).³

2. ¿Cuáles son las sanciones adicionales bajo el PC 422.7?

Si un fiscal demuestra con éxito lo anterior, entonces puede acusar el delito menor/delito de odio como un delito mixto.
Un delito mixto es aquel que puede ser acusado como un delito menor o un delito grave, dependiendo de:

• los hechos del caso, y
• los antecedentes penales del acusado.

Si se acusa como un delito menor, el delito es castigado con prisión en la cárcel del condado por hasta un año.⁴ Tenga en cuenta que en lugar de tiempo en la cárcel, un juez puede otorgar a un acusado con libertad condicional por delito menor o resumen.

Si se acusa como un delito grave, el delito es castigado con:

• prisión en la prisión estatal de California por 16 meses, dos años o tres años, y/o
• una multa de hasta $10,000.⁵

Tenga en cuenta que en lugar de tiempo en prisión por delito grave, un juez puede otorgar a un acusado con libertad condicional por delito grave o formal.

3. ¿Qué sucede con un delito de odio independiente bajo el Código Penal 422.6?

El Código Penal 422.6 PC es uno de los estatutos de delitos de odio de California que hace que sea un delito para una persona interferir con los derechos civiles de otra persona simplemente por esa persona:

• discapacidad,
• género,
• nacionalidad,
• raza o etnia,
• religión,
• orientación sexual, y/o
• asociación con una persona o grupo con una o más de estas características reales o percibidas.

Una persona acusada solo de PC 422.6 se dice que está acusada de un “delito de odio independiente”. Esto se debe a que mientras un fiscal puede ser capaz de demostrar que el acusado cometió un delito de odio, no puede demostrar que el acusado violó otra ley penal.

Esto contrasta con la situación bajo el PC 422.7, en la que un fiscal puede demostrar que el acusado cometió un delito de odio que también fue un delito menor.

Si un acusado es declarado culpable bajo el PC 422.6 por un crimen de odio independiente, puede ser acusado de un delito menor. El crimen es castigado con:

• libertad condicional (resumen),
• hasta un año en la cárcel del condado,
• una multa de hasta $5,000, y/o
• 400 horas de servicio comunitario.⁶

4. ¿Qué es el Código Penal 422.75 y cuáles son las penas mejoradas?

El Código Penal 422.75 es la ley de California que establece una sentencia mejorada para cualquier crimen de odio que también sea un delito grave según la ley de California.⁷

Si un jurado decide que un acusado cometió un delito grave, y ese delito también califica como un crimen de odio, entonces el acusado puede recibir una sentencia adicional de prisión de:

• un año,
• dos años, o
• tres años.⁸

Recursos adicionales

Si eres víctima de un crimen de odio, consulta lo siguiente:

• Centro de Recursos Victim Connect – proporciona información, referencias y apoyo a víctimas de delitos en los Estados Unidos.
• La Fundación Matthew Shepard – busca fomentar un mundo más compasivo y justo, centrándose en la igualdad LGBTQ+, la prevención de crímenes de odio y el apoyo a las víctimas y sus familias.
• La Campaña de Derechos Humanos – el grupo de defensa LGBTQ+ más grande y organización de cabildeo político en los Estados Unidos, promoviendo la igualdad y desafiando la discriminación.
• Safe Horizon – una organización sin fines de lucro de asistencia a víctimas que brinda apoyo, previene la violencia y promueve la justicia para víctimas de delitos y abusos, sus familias y comunidades.
• El sitio web de la Oficina de Investigación y Prevención de Crímenes de Odio del Departamento de Justicia – ofrece recursos e información sobre los esfuerzos del DOJ para investigar y enjuiciar los crímenes de odio.

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Referencias legales: