Alternativas de Sentencia de Drogas de Colorado

Si es arrestado por un delito de drogas de bajo nivel en Colorado, es posible que pueda evitar la cárcel completando un programa de rehabilitación. Dependiendo del condado, esta alternativa de sentencia se maneja en tribunales especializados de Colorado llamados “tribunales de drogas“.

Desviación previa al juicio

La desviación previa al juicio es una opción en muchos casos de delitos menores de drogas por primera vez, como:

• posesión simple o
• uso ilegal de drogas.

El juez no lo condena. En su lugar, su caso penal se pone “en espera” mientras se somete a rehabilitación.

Luego, después de completar con éxito, su cargo por delito menor de drogas será desestimado.

Sentencia diferida

Una sentencia diferida es una opción en muchos casos de delitos graves de drogas de nivel 4 .

A diferencia de la desviación previa al juicio, usted es condenado y puesto en libertad condicional. Sin embargo, al completar con éxito la rehabilitación y cualquier otra condición ordenada por el tribunal, el juez:

• anulará su condena por delito grave y
• en su lugar lo condenará por posesión de delito menor.

Esto también se conoce como sentencia de “wobbler” ya que el delito grave se reduce a un delito menor.

Para ayudarlo a comprender mejor los programas de rehabilitación de Colorado para delincuentes de drogas, nuestros abogados de defensa criminal de Colorado discuten las siguientes preguntas frecuentes, a continuación:

• 1. ¿Qué es la desviación previa al juicio de cargos menores de drogas?
• 2. ¿Qué es la sentencia de “wobbler” para delitos graves de drogas de bajo nivel?
• 3. ¿Cómo funciona el tribunal de drogas?
• Recursos adicionales

1. ¿Qué es la desviación previa al juicio de cargos menores de drogas?

La sección 18-1.3-101 de los Estatutos Revisados de Colorado (C.R.S.) permite la desviación previa al juicio en cargos de drogas.

Según el 18-1.3-101 C.R.S., si eres elegible, el tribunal retrasará tu caso hasta por dos años para permitirte completar un programa de tratamiento de drogas.

Durante el período de desviación, puedes ser puesto en libertad condicional o bajo la supervisión de un programa de desviación aprobado por el fiscal de distrito.

Al completar satisfactoriamente el tratamiento, el tribunal desestimará todos los cargos en tu contra con prejuicio. Esto significa que nunca podrás ser juzgado o condenado por esos cargos. Serás restaurado al estado que ocupabas antes del

• arresto,
• citación, o
• comparecencia.

Una vez que tus cargos sean desestimados, no se considerarán una condena para ningún propósito. No tendrás que divulgar el arresto en solicitudes de empleo. Además, puedes solicitar bajo el 24-72-702, C.R.S. sellar tu registro de arresto y cualquier otro registro criminal relacionado con el delito imputado.

¿Quién es elegible para la desviación previa al juicio?

Eres elegible para la desviación previa al juicio si eres un delincuente primerizo acusado de un delito menor de drogas.

Durante el período de desvío, se le exigirá que cumpla con ciertas reglas, incluyendo:

• Permanecer en Colorado,
• No usar alcohol, drogas no recetadas por un médico, o marihuana medicinal,
• No poseer armas de fuego,
• Pago de tarifas de supervisión ordenadas por el tribunal,
• Pruebas de drogas,
• Asistencia a grupos y/o clases de consejería de drogas, y
• No cometer violaciones graves de tráfico en movimiento.

Si corresponde, el tribunal también puede ordenar que participe en:

• Tratamiento de salud mental,
• Clases de crianza, o
• Otras clases o tratamientos determinados por el oficial de desvío.

2. ¿Qué es la sentencia “wobbler” para delitos de drogas de bajo nivel?

18-1.3-102 C.R.S. permite al tribunal diferir la sentencia en ciertos cargos de delitos de drogas hasta por cuatro años después de un acuerdo de culpabilidad o una declaración de culpabilidad o no contestación. El retraso es para darle tiempo para completar un programa de tratamiento de drogas y evitar la prisión.

Al completar exitosamente el tratamiento de drogas y cualquier otra condición de libertad condicional ordenada por el tribunal, el tribunal:

• Anulará la condena por delito grave de drogas, y
• Ingresará una condena por delito menor de drogas de nivel 1 de Colorado posesión de drogas bajo 18-18-403.5 C.R.S.

Esta alternativa de sentencia diferida a veces se conoce como “sentencia wobbler“. Un “wobbler” es un delito que puede ser acusado como un

• delito grave o
• delito menor.

Una vez que su cargo se reduce, se considera un delito menor para la mayoría de los propósitos. No enfrentará las consecuencias colaterales de una condena por delito grave, como tener que divulgar la condena en solicitudes de empleo.

Sin embargo, la orden de juicio indicará que la condena se ingresa de conformidad con 18-1.3-102 (2)(a) C.R.S. Esto puede hacer que sea inelegible para el tratamiento de drogas en lugar de la encarcelación si comete posteriormente otro delito de drogas.

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Eres inelegible para libertad condicional según el 18-1.3-201 C.R.S. (por ejemplo, porque tienes dos condenas anteriores por delitos graves o cualquier condena por un delito violento u ofensa sexual grave); o

Tienes dos o más condenas anteriores por delitos graves de drogas en cualquier lugar de los Estados Unidos o un territorio de los Estados Unidos.

A efectos del 18-1.3-102 C.R.S., una condena por delito grave incluye:

• Cualquier desvío, procesamiento diferido o juicio y sentencia diferidos, ya sea completados o no, por un delito grave, o
• Cualquier condena dictada como resultado de un alivio otorgado previamente según esta sección o como resultado de una declaración de culpabilidad por un delito menor originalmente acusado como un delito grave de drogas.

3. ¿Cómo funciona el tribunal de drogas?

En muchas jurisdicciones, aquellos elegibles para la desviación previa al juicio o la sentencia diferida son juzgados en un tribunal separado conocido como el Tribunal de Drogas de Colorado.
El tribunal de drogas tiene como objetivo proporcionar un nivel intenso de supervisión para los delincuentes que muestran un alto nivel de abuso o adicción a sustancias y necesitan un nivel más intenso de supervisión comunitaria que el que se encuentra en la libertad condicional estándar. Está diseñado para delincuentes con problemas de abuso o dependencia de sustancias que son:

• en gran necesidad de tratamiento y
• con alto riesgo de reincidir (cometer otro delito relacionado con drogas).

No eres elegible para el tribunal de drogas si eres:

• Un delincuente violento,
• Un delincuente sexual,
• Un delincuente que representa un gran riesgo para la comunidad, o
• Una persona de bajo riesgo que sería mejor atendida a través de otro programa.

Si eres arrestado por un delito relacionado con el uso o posesión de drogas, tu nivel de riesgo puede ser establecido por los servicios de libertad condicional a través del uso de la

• Encuesta de Uso de Sustancias para Adultos (ASUS) y
• Inventario de Nivel de Supervisión (LSI).

El LSI es una herramienta estandarizada de gestión de riesgos utilizada para determinar el nivel de supervisión necesario para los delincuentes mediante la evaluación de diez áreas de la vida:

1. historial criminal;
2. educación/empleo;
3. financiero;
4. familia/matrimonio;
5. alojamiento;
6. ocio/recreación;
7. compañeros;
8. problemas de alcohol/drogas;
9. emocional/personal; y
10. actitud/orientación.

Si eres enviado al tribunal de drogas, deberás:

• recibir tratamiento y asesoramiento,
• someterse a pruebas de drogas frecuentes y aleatorias,
• comparecer regularmente ante el juez y
• ser monitoreado para cumplir con el programa.

También puedes recibir servicios complementarios como:

• tratamiento de salud mental,
• terapia de trauma y familia, y
• capacitación en habilidades laborales.

El incumplimiento de cualquiera de las condiciones de libertad condicional impuestas por el tribunal de drogas puede resultar en sanciones por incumplimiento. Estas sanciones pueden variar desde la pérdida de privilegios hasta tiempo en la cárcel.

4. Recursos adicionales

Si tú o alguien que conoces sufre de adicción a las drogas, puedes encontrar ayuda en los siguientes lugares:

• Narcóticos Anónimos (NA) – programa de 12 pasos
• 211Colorado – Servicios para trastornos por abuso de sustancias.
• Consorcio de Colorado para la Prevención del Abuso de Medicamentos Recetados – Un grupo de organizaciones que trabajan juntas para prevenir el mal uso y abuso de medicamentos recetados en Colorado.
• Línea Directa Nacional de Rehabilitación – Un servicio gratuito y confidencial que proporciona referencias a centros de tratamiento y recursos de apoyo para personas que luchan con adicciones a drogas, alcohol y otras sustancias.
• Administración de Servicios de Abuso de Sustancias y Salud Mental (SAMHSA) – Una agencia federal dentro del Departamento de Salud y Servicios Humanos de EE. UU. que lidera los esfuerzos de salud pública en las áreas de trastornos mentales y por uso de sustancias.